| ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2017 | Volume
: 13
| Issue : 2 | Page : 83-89 |
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Vascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Elderly: Study at a Tertiary Health Care Centre in the Sub-Himalayan Region
Rahul Gupta1, Rajesh Bhawani2, Surinder Thakur3, Jatinder Kumar Mokta4, Anjali Mahajan5
1 Resident, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla (H.P.), India
2 Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla (H.P.), India
3 Professor and Head, Department of Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla (H.P.), India
4 Professor, Department of Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla (H.P.), India
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla (H.P.), India
Correspondence Address:
Rahul Gupta
Department of Medicine, IGMC, Shimla-171001
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
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Objective: To study the frequency of macrovascular and microvascular complications in elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its correlation with major cardiovascular risk factors.
Research Design and Methods: 64 patients attending outpatient clinic who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of age more than 60 years with type 2 diabetes were studied during one year. Vascular complications and their risk factors were identified using a standardized questionnaire, blood and urine analysis.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 67.62 ± 5.05 years. Middle age onset diabetes was seen in 43.75% of the study group, while 56.25% had elderly onset diabetes. The most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor was dyslipidemia (75.00%) followed by hypertension (71.87%), smoking (37.50%) and obesity (34.37%). Coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease were seen in 17.19%, 17.19% and 12.50% respectively, while diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy was seen in 31.25%, 25.00% and 28.13% respectively. 45.31% had no vascular complications. As compared to elderly onset diabetes those with middle age onset diabetes had higher mean HbA1C levels(8.94% vs 7.96%) and more prevalence of obesity (42.86% vs 27.78%), dyslipidemia (85.71% vs 66.67%), macro vascular (39.29% vs 25.00%) and micro vascular complications (50.00% vs 33.33%).
Conclusion: The longer duration of diabetes and presence of multiple cardiovascular risk factors in elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus makes them susceptible to vascular complications thereby increasing morbidity and mortality. Moreover, middle age and elderly onset diabetes appear to be two distinct groups with a difference in burden of cardiovascular risk factors and vascular complications. Future studies of diabetes in elderly may need to consider such difference while defining the treatment goals for this group.
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